Background of the study:
The shift towards digital transactions has transformed financial operations across various sectors, including higher education. In university campuses within Sokoto South LGA, traditional cash-based payment systems for services such as cafeteria purchases, library fees, and administrative transactions are often inefficient, time-consuming, and prone to errors. An IoT-based smart digital payment system leverages interconnected devices, secure wireless networks, and real-time data analytics to facilitate seamless, cashless transactions. This system integrates mobile payment platforms, biometric authentication, and cloud-based record keeping to provide a secure and efficient payment experience (Ibrahim, 2023). By automating the payment process, the system reduces the risk of fraud, minimizes transaction delays, and enhances overall user convenience (Adamu, 2024). Furthermore, real-time data collection enables continuous monitoring of financial transactions, which aids in fraud detection and financial management. The integration of IoT technology in digital payment systems aligns with global trends in smart campus initiatives, where digital transformation is key to improving operational efficiency and service delivery (Udo, 2025). This innovation not only streamlines payment processes but also contributes to a cashless culture that enhances financial transparency and accountability across campus services. By adopting such systems, universities can offer students and staff a modern, reliable, and secure method of transaction that supports broader institutional goals for sustainability and efficiency.
Statement of the problem:
University campuses in Sokoto South LGA continue to rely on outdated, cash-based payment systems that lead to inefficiencies and increased risks of fraud. Traditional methods of handling payments are characterized by long queues, manual errors, and delayed transaction processing, which collectively hinder the smooth operation of campus services (Ibrahim, 2023). The absence of a centralized, automated digital payment solution results in fragmented financial records and a lack of transparency in revenue collection. Additionally, manual cash handling increases the risk of theft and mismanagement, placing an undue administrative burden on university staff. Financial constraints and limited technological integration further complicate efforts to modernize the payment infrastructure, leaving the institution vulnerable to security breaches and inefficiencies (Adamu, 2024). Without a robust, IoT-based digital payment system, students and staff face inconveniences that affect their overall campus experience. There is an urgent need to implement an automated solution that ensures secure, efficient, and real-time transaction processing, thereby enhancing the financial operations of the university and aligning with contemporary digital trends (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
To design and develop an IoT-based smart digital payment system for university campuses.
To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in enhancing transaction speed and security.
To propose strategies for integrating the system with existing campus financial infrastructures.
Research questions:
How effective is the IoT-based digital payment system in reducing transaction times and errors?
What impact does the system have on enhancing the security and transparency of campus payments?
How can the system be integrated with current financial management practices to improve overall efficiency?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it addresses the need for modernizing payment systems in university campuses by leveraging IoT technology. The implementation of a smart digital payment system can improve transaction efficiency, enhance security, and promote a cashless culture that benefits both students and administrative staff. The findings will provide valuable insights for policymakers aiming to streamline financial operations in academic environments.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the evaluation of IoT-based smart digital payment systems in university campuses in Sokoto South LGA, Sokoto State. It does not extend to other types of payment systems or different geographic regions.
Definitions of terms:
IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that facilitate real-time data exchange.
Digital Payment System: A system that processes financial transactions electronically without the use of cash.
Smart Payment System: An advanced, technology-driven platform that integrates real-time analytics and secure transaction protocols.
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